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The Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience of Categorization, Novelty-Detec...


 

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Google Tech Talks November, 15 2007 ABSTRACT Neurocomputational models provide fundamental insights towards understanding the human brain circuits for learning new associations and organizing our world into appropriate categories. In this talk I will review the information-processing functions of four interacting brain systems for learning and categorization: (1) the basal ganglia which incrementally adjusts choice behaviors using environmental feedback about the consequences of our actions, (2) the hippocampus which supports learning in other brain regions through the creation of new stimulus representations (and, hence, new similarity relationships) that reflect important statistical regularities in the environment, (3) the medial septum which works in a feedback-loop with the hippocampus, using novelty-detection to alter the rate at which stimulus representations are updated through experience, (4) the frontal lobes which provide for selective attention and executive control of learning and memory. The computational models to be described have been evaluated through a variety of empirical methodoligies including human functional brain imaging, studies of patients with localized brain damage due to injury or early-stage neurodegenerative diseases, behavioral genetic studies of naturally-occuring individual variability, as well as comparative lesion and genetic studies with rodents. Our applications of these models to engineering and computer science including automated anomaly detection systems for mechanical fault diagnosis on US Navy helicopters and submarines as well more recent contributions to the DoD's DARPA program for Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures (BICA). Speaker: Dr. Mark Gluck Mark Gluck is a Professor of Neuroscience at Rutgers University - Newark, co-director of the Rutgers Memory Disorders Project, and publisher of the public health newsletter, Memory Loss and the Brain. He works at the interface between neuroscience, psychology, and computer science, where his research focuses on the neural bases of learning and memory, and the consequences of memory loss due to aging, trauma, and disease. He is the co-author of "Gateway to Memory: An Introduction to Neural Network Models of the Hippocampus and Memory " (MIT Press, 2001) and a forthcoming undergraduate textbook, "Learning and Memory: From Brain to Behavior." He has edited several other books and has published over 60 scientific journal articles. His awards include the Distinguished Scientific Award for Early Career Contributions from the American Psychological Society and the Young Investigator Award for Cognitive and Neural Sciences from the Office of Naval Research. In 1996, he was awarded a NSF Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers by President Bill Clinton. For more information, see http://www.gluck.edu.

Channel: People & Blogs
Uploaded: November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am
Author: googletechtalks

Length: 02:13
Rating: 4.74
Views: 14224

Tags: education  engedu  google  googletechtalks  talk  talks  techtalk  techtalks  

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davidwizard2006 (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
the iq test are mostly the prefrontal area of the brain for active memory, and also for the divergence form of deductive reasoning, but declarative learning and inductive reasoning is not determined, and that should be even more important
LothairApoclyane (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
yea that blows..
wildfemale (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
You know, it's a really good remark because as far as I know the intelligence itself is defined (in some cases as there is a multitude of definitions) as the ability to learn quickly and to adapt quickly to new circumstances. Yet, remember that IQ tests were created to determine whether a child will have some difficulties with learning and not to find geniuses;)
johnkoetsier (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
It's unfortunate that embedding has been deleted. Not too impressive of Google.
markomanius (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
In my opinion the design of IQ test are just able to determine limited configuration of processing ability and test for limited number of subjects interconnection ability, but you can never be 100% sure if someones brain is able to process much more efficiently in totally different system, even unique one.
markomanius (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
Still, my question is how can you be sure that IQ test is accurate in case someone does find connections that are not designed by IQ test? A lot of people are able to visually construct and interpret interactions of some kind between things that are not visual, like music or touch, words or sentences... I don't think it's accurate to measure someones IQ by "generalization" of any kind; it's a starting point but not definitive and absolute.
beelzebubblicious6 (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
IQ tests are largely test of prefrontal cortex function, and that's by design.
ssnatcherss (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
What Would William James Do? Really interesting presentation. Neuroscience blows my mind (pun intended).
Penn666 (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
This was so confusing, by the end my head was really hurting.
modelmark (November 30, 1999 at 12:00 am)
Interesting stuff. Maybe he could also use the brain model to investigate why soldiers commit suicide more often than regular guys and often get into psychological problems after combat. It might be something interesting for the navy to fund.

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